
Prof. Paco Calvo
Professor of Philosophy of Science at the University of Murcia, Spain
Paco Calvo is Professor of Philosophy of Science at the University of Murcia, Spain, and director of the Minimal Intelligence Lab (MINT Lab). His research explores the foundations of cognition, with a particular focus on plant intelligence, minimal cognition, ecological psychology, and embodied approaches to mind. He has published widely on plant behavior, cognition without brains, and the philosophical implications of studying intelligence beyond the animal kingdom. His work combines philosophy, cognitive science, plant physiology, and comparative psychology to challenge neurocentric assumptions about mind and agency. He is the author, with Natalie Lawrence, of Planta Sapiens (W. W. Norton), a public-facing book on the emerging science of plant intelligence. Calvo is also actively involved in interdisciplinary research on plant-inspired robotics, ecological adaptation, and new models of agency across living systems. His work has been featured in international media and public lectures, bringing debates about plant cognition to both academic and wider audiences.